许多板上介绍I-140 DIY经验的帖子都讲到要“深入挖掘citation”，但是很少系统性
介绍如何“深入挖掘”，所以自己在DIY做材料的时候苦于没有一个step-by-step的
guideline，于是我对citation analysis这个事儿做了些研究总结，分享出来benefit
后来人。
开篇点题，引用一句俗话“没有丑女人，只有懒女人”——在这里我要说“没有弱case
，只有不认真挖掘的case”。citation少，咱们可以借鉴一下女生照相——化浓妆、摆
pose、打光、PS，各种修饰一番后恐龙也能照成白富美。同理，按如下方法挖掘
highlight一番之后，再少的citation也能塑造成学术大牛：
1. 引用杂志：可以挖掘引用杂志的IF, Eigenfactor，及其排名（最好和所有SCI收录
的8000多本杂志比较），还有篇数，证明经常被发表在top journal的文章引用。可以
在exhibit里列一个总表，把所有的引用杂志按排名升序排列，这样很多数据便一目了
然了，如：一共被多少本杂志引用过，被top 50 (or 100) 杂志中的多少本引用过，超
过半数的引用杂志排名10%等。最后选择排名最靠前的几个杂志单列一个表格放进
petition letter里，并把对应的引用原文附在exhibit供IO查阅。
2. 引文类型：看引用的文章是conference proceedings, research articles, review
articles, book chapters。被book chapters或者review articles引用是证明影响力
的一项重要证据，可以把这些引用单独挑出来，在exhibit里（and/or petition
letter里）列一个总表，再附上对应的引用文章原文。如果有review articles发表在
top journal或者有book chapters是权威教材的章节，还有被某业界大牛引用，还可以
专门提一下。
3. 出版社：Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, Taylor & Francis一般被称为academic
publishers里（或者专业术语叫Scientific, Technical, and Medical (STM)
publishers）的big four，如果有引用的杂志或书是它们旗下的，也可以拿出来说一。
Big four基本是“大而全”，其次一些“小而美”的杂志社NPG, ACS, APS, RSC等也是
响当当的，可以举证证明其top。
4. 作者：作者可以挖掘的信息很多，比如总共被多少independent authors引用过，这
些人里有多少是PI, Full (or Distinguished) Professor, Fellow of prestigious
professional associations, 或者各国的院士，甚至是Nobel (or Wolf) laureates。
这里要不厌其烦地去search这些作者的background/CV，发现一些共同的闪光点，然后
把他们归类，比如：被N个院士引用过，petition letter里列个表格，再在exhibit里
附上NAS/NAE官方网站上的profile或学校网站上的profile；如果院士数量不多的可以
把各种fellow列一个表格。如果有的院士在多篇文章里引用过你的成果，那便可以考虑
邀请他们做你的推荐人了。
5. 单位：单位（affiliation）可以和国家一起挖掘，把作者的所属单位按国别排列，
列一个总表，这样总共被W个国家的X个研究机构的Y个研究人员的Z篇文章引用便一目了
然了。做过这个survey之后，可以见仁见智使用各种排名来说明引用的研究机构是top
ranked。我推荐使用Nature Index的top 200 research institutions和top 100
countries排名，一是因为各种流行的世界大学不包含国家实验室和独立研究机构，二
是因为大学排名的参考因数众多，而Nature Index更单纯地反映研究机构的学术地位。
6. 国家：做过如上的comprehensive survey之后文章被几个大洲的多少个国家引用过
的数据也就有了，而且按照Nature Index的国家排名，可以在petition letter里放个
柱状图来illustrate引用国家的distribution，然后说明一下，如：top 10的国家全部
引用过自己的文章。
7. 如何引用：如何被引用是个关键，是在introduction里做footnote呢，还是用在正
文里支持 key claims；是大段介绍呢，还是在一句话里略有提到；有没有一篇文章多
次引用你的同一篇paper或者多篇paper；有没有同一个group在好几篇文章里引用你的
同一篇paper或者多篇paper。结合前面的author和institution分析，也可以把多次引
用的cases列表或者柱状图。前面介绍的几项分析只是干瘪的数据，说明各种top，各种
分布广，而“如何引用”才是画龙点睛之笔，实实在在说明你的research怎样
influence其他的researchers。而如何影响别的researcher最好不要自己在petition
letter里王婆卖瓜，而是把有代表性的引用整理出来，放在推荐信里，让推荐人用第三
方的权威话语来向IO解释一下你的工作在这些citation里的关键影响，然后在petition
letter里大段摘抄RL里的原文就行了。
上述几项analysis，有交叠的地方，比如scenario：美国某牛校的某院士在某主流出版
社旗下的某top journal写了一篇review paper来大段介绍你的work。对于这种情况，
有时一篇很好的引用可以同时放在几个证据堆里，但也要尽量有所取舍，避免重复举证。
我在exhibit里专门把citation analysis放了一个部分（约占总厚度1/3），分为如下5
个方面，然后把引用的段落在打印的原文中highlight出来：
1) Citations by top journals
2) Citations by review articles & book chapters
3) Citations by NAS/NAE members
4) Citations from “top 50 countries”
5) Citations from “top 200 institutions”
最后的话，citation在我看来是一个最最关键的证据，很多被RFE contribution的都是
被IO在citation或者impact上挑毛病，而从各个方面，各种角度系统性地做citation
analysis则可有效避免这种RFE的发生。我建议整个绿卡材料准备从citation analysis
开始，按上述方法一气呵成，这个analysis做完，authorship和contribution两个
criteria的大部分work也就做完了，并且找哪些引用过你paper的人写推荐信也就心中
有数了。还可以把这个思路套用在对审稿的分析上，突出paper review部分的亮点。
Friday, June 26, 2015
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
有这么多好心的人在帮助我， 我一定不能让他们失望。
有这么多好心的人在帮助我， 我一定不能让他们失望。
天助自助者，他人此时雪中送炭，我更应该积极努力不放弃，自助！
谢谢你们，我会铭记这艰难时刻的没一点恩惠，日后一定加倍回报。
天助自助者，他人此时雪中送炭，我更应该积极努力不放弃，自助！
谢谢你们，我会铭记这艰难时刻的没一点恩惠，日后一定加倍回报。
Thursday, February 19, 2015
7 disciplines for high performance
Goal Setting
Every morning, take 3 to 5 minutes to write out your top goals in the present tense. Get a spiral notebook for this purpose. By writing out your 10 goals at the beginning of each day, you will program them deep into your subconscious mind.This daily goal writing will activate your mental powers. It will stimulate your mind and make you more alert. Throughout the day, you will see opportunities and possibilities to move more rapidly toward your goals.
Planning and Organizing
Take a few minutes, preferably the night before, to plan out every activity of the coming day. Always work from a list. Always think on paper. This is one of the most powerful and important disciplines of all for high performance.Priority Setting
The essence of all time management, personal management, and life management is contained in your ability to set proper priorities and use of your time. This is essential for high performance.Concentration on your Highest-Value Activities
Your ability to work single-mindedly on your most important task will contribute as much to your success as any other discipline you can develop.Exercise and Proper Nutrition
Your health is more important than anything else. By disciplining yourself to exercise regularly and to eat carefully, you will promote the highest possible levels of health and fitness throughout your life.Learning and Growth
Your mind is like a muscle. If you don’t use it, you lose it. Continuous learning is the minimum requirement for success in any field.Time for Important People in your Life
Relationships are everything. Be sure that in climbing the ladder of success, you do not find it leaning against the wrong building. Make time for your relationships every day, no matter how busy you get.Action Exercise
These 7 disciplines will ensure that you perform at the highest level and get the greatest satisfaction and results from everything you do. Study these 7 disciplines and then make a plan for how you can incorporate each of them into your daily life.Thursday, January 22, 2015
Winterizing Plumbing and Pipes
Contrary to popular belief, pipes don't burst at the point where water freezes, but somewhere between the freeze and a closed faucet, such as the kitchen faucet or washing machine. When the pressure builds due to ice blockage, it has nowhere to go but through the pipe walls, leading to extensive water damage. You can avoid this problem by properly insulating the plumbing pipes in your home.
1. Pipe Insulation
Your pipes are more susceptible to freeze damage when temperatures drop to 20 degrees Fahrenheit or below. If you live in an area where these winter temperatures are the norm, take extra caution when insulating pipes. For example, in Denver, the average low temperature is 23 degrees Fahrenheit beginning in November, and temperatures can drop into the teens in the months that follow. For pipe winterization, add a thicker layer of insulation around your pipes.
Insulate the pipes in all unheated areas, as they are most likely to freeze. Wrap the pipes in insulation tubes made of polyethylene or fiberglass. Measure the outside diameter of your pipes to make sure you purchase the correct size of tube. Take extra care with pipes that have frozen during previous winters or have been repaired in the last 12 months. According to John Ward, a Denver based plumber with Applewood Plumbing, Heating and Electric, these pipes are more susceptible to damage. He also suggests wrapping pipes in heat-tape prior to insulating. Make sure you follow the manufacturer's instructions when using heat-tape to avoid damage.
2. Let the Faucets Drip
On nights when the temperature is expected to drop below freezing, turn on faucets along the exterior walls to create a small, steady drip. This eliminates pressure that can build between the faucet and an ice blockage, so even if a pipe freezes, it may not burst.
3. Open Cabinets
Open all sink-base cabinet doors along exterior walls to allow more heat to reach the pipes.
4. Exterior Cracks
Note any cracks or holes along the outside walls and foundation of your home. Filling holes and cracks with spray foam insulation and caulking can help stop the cold air from coming into contact with your water pipes during extremely cold weather.
5. Seal off Crawl Space
Pier and beam homes with ventilated crawl spaces should be sealed against the cold weather. Cover your vents with heavy-duty pieces of cardboard cut to fit the vents, duct taping the cardboard in place. Don't forget to seal off access to the crawl space. If you have a basement, look for cracked basement windows that could allow cold air to make contact with pipes. Check for worn or missing insulation around garage and utility doors. Reducing the amount of cold air in the area minimizes your pipes' vulnerability.
1. Pipe Insulation
Your pipes are more susceptible to freeze damage when temperatures drop to 20 degrees Fahrenheit or below. If you live in an area where these winter temperatures are the norm, take extra caution when insulating pipes. For example, in Denver, the average low temperature is 23 degrees Fahrenheit beginning in November, and temperatures can drop into the teens in the months that follow. For pipe winterization, add a thicker layer of insulation around your pipes.
Insulate the pipes in all unheated areas, as they are most likely to freeze. Wrap the pipes in insulation tubes made of polyethylene or fiberglass. Measure the outside diameter of your pipes to make sure you purchase the correct size of tube. Take extra care with pipes that have frozen during previous winters or have been repaired in the last 12 months. According to John Ward, a Denver based plumber with Applewood Plumbing, Heating and Electric, these pipes are more susceptible to damage. He also suggests wrapping pipes in heat-tape prior to insulating. Make sure you follow the manufacturer's instructions when using heat-tape to avoid damage.
2. Let the Faucets Drip
On nights when the temperature is expected to drop below freezing, turn on faucets along the exterior walls to create a small, steady drip. This eliminates pressure that can build between the faucet and an ice blockage, so even if a pipe freezes, it may not burst.
3. Open Cabinets
Open all sink-base cabinet doors along exterior walls to allow more heat to reach the pipes.
4. Exterior Cracks
Note any cracks or holes along the outside walls and foundation of your home. Filling holes and cracks with spray foam insulation and caulking can help stop the cold air from coming into contact with your water pipes during extremely cold weather.
5. Seal off Crawl Space
Pier and beam homes with ventilated crawl spaces should be sealed against the cold weather. Cover your vents with heavy-duty pieces of cardboard cut to fit the vents, duct taping the cardboard in place. Don't forget to seal off access to the crawl space. If you have a basement, look for cracked basement windows that could allow cold air to make contact with pipes. Check for worn or missing insulation around garage and utility doors. Reducing the amount of cold air in the area minimizes your pipes' vulnerability.
R: Scoping of free variable names
When a function in R uses a 'free' variable -- a variable that is not defined in the function nor an argument of the function -- where R finds the value of the variable can be confusing. Intuitively, we might expect R to use dynamic scoping: the value is found where it is defined in the environment where the function is called or in the nearest environment above that. However, R does not work this way. It uses lexical scoping in which the sequence of environments to look in is determined when the function is defined, but the value is determined when the function is called.
In short:
Where when defined -- what when called.
The following code illustrates the principle:
#
# Scoping
#
a <- "Global"
f <- function() {
g <- function(x) cat( x,a,"\n")
g("called in f before assn of a:")
a <- "in f"
g("called in f after assn of a:")
h <- function(x){
a <- "defined in h"
g(x)
}
h( "h calling g from in f:")
a <- "redefined in f"
h("h calling g in f after redefining a")
rm(a)
h("h calling g after removing a")
}
f()
The output is:
called in f before assn of a: Global
called in f after assn of a: in f
h calling g from in f: in f
h calling g in f after redefining a redefined in f
h calling g after removing a Global
An advantage of lexical scoping over dynamic scoping is that the behaviour of the function is more easily determined when it is defined. If a programmer wishes to use the value of a variable in which the function is called, it merely needs to be included among the arguments to the function.
There is an excellent article by John Fox comparing scoping in R and in S-Plus.
In short:
Where when defined -- what when called.
The following code illustrates the principle:
#
# Scoping
#
a <- "Global"
f <- function() {
g <- function(x) cat( x,a,"\n")
g("called in f before assn of a:")
a <- "in f"
g("called in f after assn of a:")
h <- function(x){
a <- "defined in h"
g(x)
}
h( "h calling g from in f:")
a <- "redefined in f"
h("h calling g in f after redefining a")
rm(a)
h("h calling g after removing a")
}
f()
The output is:
called in f before assn of a: Global
called in f after assn of a: in f
h calling g from in f: in f
h calling g in f after redefining a redefined in f
h calling g after removing a Global
An advantage of lexical scoping over dynamic scoping is that the behaviour of the function is more easily determined when it is defined. If a programmer wishes to use the value of a variable in which the function is called, it merely needs to be included among the arguments to the function.
There is an excellent article by John Fox comparing scoping in R and in S-Plus.
Monday, January 19, 2015
姜文谈中国女孩为什么要嫁给洋人？
在对生活和艺术的感情上，我们一点儿不比洋人差”
我在国外见到的许多中国人，实际上都很土，对自己祖国的历史文化一无所知，在
国外又过着很低层的生活，不敢去豪华场所，也不敢乱花钱，干什么事都小心翼翼、缩
手缩脚。他们津津乐道地问你炫耀的东西，在你看来一文不值。我在西班牙碰到一个中
国人，他对我大夸西班牙的海湾如何美。我问：“你在国内都去过什么地方？”他说：
“太阳岛。”我说：“那不叫海湾，你去看看海南岛，看看青岛、北戴河、大连，都有
很漂亮的海湾。”这些人在中国人面前把自己当外国人；而在外国人面前，则自觉地把
自己当孙子，总想靠着巴结外国人得到点什么。这种人在心态和人格上没有一点儿自尊
，让外国人怎么能看得起！
我并不否认外国经济的发达和文化的进步，但你无论到哪儿，都洗不掉这张中国人
的脸，改变不了自己的黄皮肤黑眼睛。当你把自己当成美国人时，他们会很明白地告诉
你：“你是中国人”。但你腆着脸享用美国人创造出的财富时，你却没有一点主人的自
尊感。
有些中国女孩宁肯随便嫁给一个老外，说是“中国没有好男人”。其实那洋人可能
就是一个笨蛋，在外国人堆里混不出样儿来，到中国混江湖来了。我们有的部门却不加
慎重考察，轻易地把什么人冠之以“外国专家”，“国际友人”。我认识一些外国朋友
，在国外时平平常常，一到中国周围环境害得他放气，觉得自己高中国人一筹，还有好
多妙龄好姑娘追求着。一个外国人就跟我谈过他的真实感受：“我在国内屁也不是，而
在中国我有妞泡，而且是名妞”。这些在中国能娶名演员的外国人，在他们的国家连演
员的面也见不着。
对于外国的某些人，我们给他们的脸太多了。有些人在美国不过是商业片明星，可
是中国却被誉为“有学者风度”的艺术家，甚至电影界德高望重的老前辈都去接见他，
大家突然之间都成了普通影迷了。你越这样做，人家越不尊重你。说句老实话，哪一个
影星会赶忙尊重他的影迷？他觉得彼此根本不在一个层次上。
在外国混血儿受歧视，因为血统不纯正。而在中国，混血儿是时髦，夸一个人长得
好：“你看他长得真帅，跟外国人差不多。”有的人硬把自己的祖宗往外国血统上连，
似乎只有这样才能证明自己的高贵。生为中国人对自己的民族这么不自尊不自信，这是
我们最大的悲剧！
中国人产生崇洋媚外心理的一个很重要原因，是没出过国导致的孤陋寡闻。爱国心
最易产生在国外，当你看到外国人的能力不如你而你却由于民族和肤色的限制得不到他
拥有的财富和地位时，一种民族自尊自强的心理便会油然而生……
--
Yet nature is made better by no mean. But nature makes that mean. So over that art,
which you say adds to nature, is an art, that nature makes.
我在国外见到的许多中国人，实际上都很土，对自己祖国的历史文化一无所知，在
国外又过着很低层的生活，不敢去豪华场所，也不敢乱花钱，干什么事都小心翼翼、缩
手缩脚。他们津津乐道地问你炫耀的东西，在你看来一文不值。我在西班牙碰到一个中
国人，他对我大夸西班牙的海湾如何美。我问：“你在国内都去过什么地方？”他说：
“太阳岛。”我说：“那不叫海湾，你去看看海南岛，看看青岛、北戴河、大连，都有
很漂亮的海湾。”这些人在中国人面前把自己当外国人；而在外国人面前，则自觉地把
自己当孙子，总想靠着巴结外国人得到点什么。这种人在心态和人格上没有一点儿自尊
，让外国人怎么能看得起！
我并不否认外国经济的发达和文化的进步，但你无论到哪儿，都洗不掉这张中国人
的脸，改变不了自己的黄皮肤黑眼睛。当你把自己当成美国人时，他们会很明白地告诉
你：“你是中国人”。但你腆着脸享用美国人创造出的财富时，你却没有一点主人的自
尊感。
有些中国女孩宁肯随便嫁给一个老外，说是“中国没有好男人”。其实那洋人可能
就是一个笨蛋，在外国人堆里混不出样儿来，到中国混江湖来了。我们有的部门却不加
慎重考察，轻易地把什么人冠之以“外国专家”，“国际友人”。我认识一些外国朋友
，在国外时平平常常，一到中国周围环境害得他放气，觉得自己高中国人一筹，还有好
多妙龄好姑娘追求着。一个外国人就跟我谈过他的真实感受：“我在国内屁也不是，而
在中国我有妞泡，而且是名妞”。这些在中国能娶名演员的外国人，在他们的国家连演
员的面也见不着。
对于外国的某些人，我们给他们的脸太多了。有些人在美国不过是商业片明星，可
是中国却被誉为“有学者风度”的艺术家，甚至电影界德高望重的老前辈都去接见他，
大家突然之间都成了普通影迷了。你越这样做，人家越不尊重你。说句老实话，哪一个
影星会赶忙尊重他的影迷？他觉得彼此根本不在一个层次上。
在外国混血儿受歧视，因为血统不纯正。而在中国，混血儿是时髦，夸一个人长得
好：“你看他长得真帅，跟外国人差不多。”有的人硬把自己的祖宗往外国血统上连，
似乎只有这样才能证明自己的高贵。生为中国人对自己的民族这么不自尊不自信，这是
我们最大的悲剧！
中国人产生崇洋媚外心理的一个很重要原因，是没出过国导致的孤陋寡闻。爱国心
最易产生在国外，当你看到外国人的能力不如你而你却由于民族和肤色的限制得不到他
拥有的财富和地位时，一种民族自尊自强的心理便会油然而生……
--
Yet nature is made better by no mean. But nature makes that mean. So over that art,
which you say adds to nature, is an art, that nature makes.
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